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Chromatic scale drawn as a circle The diatonic scale notes (above) and the non-scale chromatic notes (below) [2] The twelve notes of the octave—all the black and white keys in one octave on the piano—form the chromatic scale. The tones of the chromatic scale (unlike those of the major or minor scale) are all the same distance apart, one ...
The diatonic scale notes (above) and the non-scale chromatic notes (below) [13] Medieval theorists defined scales in terms of the Greek tetrachords. The gamut was the series of pitches from which all the Medieval "scales" (or modes, strictly) notionally derive, and it may be thought of as constructed in a certain way from diatonic tetrachords.
The modern keyboard is designed for playing a diatonic scale on the white keys and a pentatonic scale on the black keys. Chromatic scales involve both. Three immediately adjacent keys produce a basic chromatic tone cluster.
The chromatic circle is useful because it represents melodic distance, which is often correlated with physical distance on musical instruments. For instance, assuming 12-tone equal temperament, to move from any C on a keyboard to the nearest E, one must move up four semitones, corresponding to four clockwise steps on the chromatic circle.
The actual note assignments can be seen in the following diagram: It can be seen that only two notes of the chromatic scale, C ♯ and D ♯, are missing. An analogous arrangement existed for keyboards with G instead of C at the bottom. According to Trevor Pinnock, [5] the short octave is characteristic of instruments of the 16th century. He ...
The color schemes above divide the 12 basic notes of the chromatic scale into groups in different ways: Piano (7–5): two asymmetrical groups of 7 (white keys) and 5 (black keys) Whole Tone Scale (6–6): two symmetrical groups of notes a major second apart (6 notes per group) Minor Thirds (4–4–4): three symmetrical groups of notes a minor ...
Chromatic fourth: lament bass bassline in Dm (D–C ♯ –C(♮)–B–B ♭ –A) The diatonic scale notes (above) and the non-scale chromatic notes (below) [1] Chromaticism is a compositional technique interspersing the primary diatonic pitches and chords with other pitches of the chromatic scale. In simple terms, within each octave ...
The naming of individual Cs using the Helmholtz system. Helmholtz pitch notation is a system for naming musical notes of the Western chromatic scale.Fully described and normalized by the German scientist Hermann von Helmholtz, it uses a combination of upper and lower case letters (A to G), [a] and the sub- and super-prime symbols ( ͵ ′ or ⸜ ⸝) to denote each individual note of the scale.