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Pinus mugo, known as dwarf mountain pine, [4] mountain pine, scrub mountain pine, Swiss mountain pine, [5] bog pine, creeping pine, [6] or mugo pine, [7] is a species of conifer, native to high elevation habitats from southwestern to Central Europe and Southeast Europe.
The disease is found on pine trees (Pinus spp.) with two or three needles, such as ponderosa pine, jack pine and scots pine. [2] It is very similar to pine-oak gall rust, but its second host is another Pinus species. The fungal infection results in gall formation on branches or trunks of infected hosts.
Pines in this subgenus have one to five needles per fascicle and one fibrovascular bundle per needle, and the fascicle sheaths are deciduous, except in P. nelsonii, where they are persistent. Cone scales are thinner and more flexible than those of subgenus Pinus , except in some species like P. maximartinezii , and cones usually open soon after ...
Scots pine, red pine, Mugo pine, Ponderosa pine, and Austrian pine are especially susceptible. Some spruce, fir, and cedar species are also vulnerable to infection. [ 3 ] The disease can infect trees of all ages, though trees that are physiologically stressed through water or nutrient deficiencies or wounded via extreme weather or insect damage ...
Putative Pinus mugo (female) × P. sylvestris (male) hybrid. The larger tree is the hybrid, the smaller tree is a P. mugo. Morphology of Pinus × rhaetica Morphology of a putative P. sylvestris (female) × P. mugo (male) hybrid. The trunk is gray-brown, grayer and more frequently divided into irregular plates than in Pinus mugo.
The eggs are laid in small groups on the needles or leaf stems of its host plants, and hatch in spring. The nymphs go through 5 instar stages before moulting into adults. In the United States, the species is univoltine , but in southern Europe, it completes two generations a year, and in tropical Mexico even three.
The adult is brown and is around 10 millimetres (0.39 in) long. The larvae feed on pine needles. [3] [4] Eggs are laid in rows in springtime, on pine needles from the previous year. Young caterpillars start feeding on the old needles near where they hatched, leaving the vascular bundles uneaten. Older caterpillars feed more widely, moving to ...
This fungal disease affects the needles of conifers, but is mainly found on pine. Over 60 species have been reported to be prone to infection and Corsican Pine (Pinus nigra ssp. laricio) is the most susceptible species in Great Britain. [3] It was first recorded in Britain on Corsican pine in 1954 in a nursery in Dorset.
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