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The term "antirheumatic" can be used in similar contexts, but without making a claim about an effect on the disease course. [3] Other terms that have historically been used to refer to the same group of drugs are "remission-inducing drugs" (RIDs) and "slow-acting antirheumatic drugs" (SAARDs). [4]
Common antiarthritic drug classes include the following: disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, biologic response modifiers, analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and corticosteroids. [1] Signs of Arthritis. Swelling of the ankle joints which is indicative of an underlying inflammatory process.
[1] [6] [7] Pain medications, steroids, and NSAIDs are frequently used to help with symptoms. [1] Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate, may be used to try to slow the progression of disease. [1] Biological DMARDs may be used when the disease does not respond to other treatments. [8]
Leflunomide, sold under the brand name Arava among others, is an immunosuppressive disease-modifying antirheumatic drug , [8] used in active moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. It is a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor that works by inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. [9] Bottle of Leflunomide (Arava) and tablet
Most rheumatic diseases are treated with analgesics, NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug), steroids (in serious cases), DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs), monoclonal antibodies, such as infliximab and adalimumab, the TNF inhibitor etanercept, and methotrexate for moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. [8]
Adalimumab, sold under the brand name Humira and others, is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug and monoclonal antibody used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, plaque psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and uveitis.
Penicillamine can be used as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) to treat severe active rheumatoid arthritis in patients who have failed to respond to an adequate trial of conventional therapy, [9] although it is rarely used today due to availability of TNF inhibitors and other agents, such as tocilizumab and tofacitinib.
Biologics provide immunotherapy [4] and can function as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. [3] Biologics can generally be grouped by their "class", that is, their specific mechanism of action and affected targets. Some classes are TNF inhibitors, anti-IL-17A antibodies, and IL-23 antibodies. [7]