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Map of Bessarabia from Charles Upson Clark's 1927 book Bessarabia, Russia and Romania on the Black Sea. Bessarabia [a] (/ ˌ b ɛ s ə ˈ r eɪ b i ə /) is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west.
During the interwar period, Romania focused on trying to defend and secure its new borders with the help of France and the United Kingdom (UK), but at the start of World War II, Romania was left vulnerable, and in a 1940 ultimatum, the Soviet Union demanded and captured Bessarabia, as well as Northern Bukovina as "compensation" for the "great ...
Romania in 1940 with Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina highlighted in orange-red Soviet military parade in Chișinău on July 4, 1940. As Romania agreed to satisfy Soviet territorial demands, the second plan was immediately put into action, with the Red Army immediately moving into Bessarabia and north Bukovina on the morning of 28 June.
Bessarabia and other Russian territories north of the Black Sea coast fell within the French ambit. [8]: 27 Determined to combat the Central Powers and Russian forces hostile to its interests, the head of the French military mission in Iași, General Henri Mathias Berthelot, began pressuring Romania to occupy Bessarabia. [7]: 166
The union of Bessarabia with Romania was proclaimed on April 9 [O.S. March 27] 1918 by Sfatul Țării, the legislative body of the Moldavian Democratic Republic.This state had the same borders of the region of Bessarabia, which was annexed by the Russian Empire following the Treaty of Bucharest of 1812 and organized first as an Oblast (autonomous until 1828) and later as a Governorate.
On June 22, 1941, Nazi Germany, together with several other countries, including Romania (which had the primary objective of reintegrating Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina into the Romanian state), attacked the Soviet Union (see Operation Barbarossa). After the start of the war, further deportations occurred in the USSR.
In July, after a Soviet ultimatum, Romania agreed to give up Bessarabia and northern Bukovina (the Soviets also annexed the city of Hertsa, which was not stated in the ultimatum). Two-thirds of Bessarabia were combined with a small part of the Soviet Union to form the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic.
Romania tried to defend and secure its new borders during the interwar period with the help of France and the United Kingdom (UK), but at the start of World War II, Romania was left defenseless and in a 1940 ultimatum, the Soviet Union demanded and occupied Bessarabia and also Northern Bukovina as "compensation" for the "great loss brought to ...