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Philistine pottery beer jug. Beer is one of the oldest human-produced drinks. The written history of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia records the use of beer, and the drink has spread throughout the world; a 3,900-year-old Sumerian poem honouring Ninkasi, the patron goddess of brewing, contains the oldest surviving beer-recipe, describing the production of beer from barley bread, and in China ...
Old English: Beore 'beer'. In early forms of English and in the Scandinavian languages, the usual word for beer was the word whose Modern English form is ale. [1] The modern word beer comes into present-day English from Old English bēor, itself from Common Germanic, it is found throughout the West Germanic and North Germanic dialects (modern Dutch and German bier, Old Norse bjórr).
Pabst began shipping its beer to Chicago and St. Louis the following decade, first by ferry and eventually by rail, establishing an early trans-market beer brand in the United States. [20] Railroad transportation of beer in refrigerated cars (originally ice-cooled) became common in the last half of the 19th century. [21]
In Denmark, the usual consumption of beer appears to have been a gallon per day for adult laborers and sailors. [21] It is important to note that modern beer is much stronger than the beers of the past. While current beers are 3–5% alcohol, the beer drunk in the historical past was generally 1% or so. [citation needed] This was known as ...
Beer has been brewed in England for thousands of years. As a beer brewing country, it is known for top fermented cask beer (also called real ale) which finishes maturing in the cellar of the pub rather than at the brewery and is served with only natural carbonation. English beer styles include bitter, mild, brown ale and old ale. Stout, porter ...
Porter became the first beer style brewed around the world, being produced in Ireland, North America, Sweden, and Russia by the end of the 18th century. [1] The history of stout and porter are intertwined. [6] The name "stout", used for a dark beer, came about because strong porters were marketed as "stout porter", later being shortened to just ...
As of mid-January, in hard-hit West Virginia, there are just 235 doctors who are certified to dispense buprenorphine, according to the Drug Enforcement Administration. There are 183 in Nevada, 89 in Arkansas and 60 in Iowa. In all of Texas, a state of roughly 27 million people, there are only 1,046 doctors certified to prescribe the medications.
Originally, [when?] farmhouse ale was brewed all over Europe, but in classical antiquity wine-growing largely displaced beer brewing in southern Europe. In northern Europe farmhouse brewing was gradually reduced by taxation, modernization, and convenient access to commercially brewed beer; in some areas, however, it never entirely died out.