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In anatomy, the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) are the two joints connecting the jawbone to the skull. It is a bilateral synovial articulation between the temporal bone of the skull above and the condylar process of mandible below; it is from these bones that its name is derived.
In the temporomandibular joint, the initial mouth opening occur by rotation, within the inferior cavity of the joint. [14] The TMJ rotates around a fixed axis within the condyle, with no antero-inferior translation. [14] The maximum jaw opening with this rotation movement is indicated as 'R' on the Posselt's envelope of motion.
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD, TMJD) is an umbrella term covering pain and dysfunction of the muscles of mastication (the muscles that move the jaw) and the temporomandibular joints (the joints which connect the mandible to the skull).
Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint - RCP = Here we see the condyle when teeth are in the retruded contact position, a reproducible position. ICP = Here we see the condyle position when teeth are in the intercuspal position. R = Mandibular opening with rotation of the condylar heads but without translation.
The articular disk of the temporomandibular joint is a thin, oval plate made of non-vascular fibrous connective tissue located between the mandible's condyloid process and the cranium's mandibular fossa. Its upper surface is concavo-convex from before backward, to accommodate itself to the form of the mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle ...
If the mandibular fossa is very shallow, this can cause problems with the strength of the temporomandibular joint. [5] This can lead to easy subluxation of the joint and trismus (lock jaw). [5] Deformation of the mandibular fossa, often part of temporomandibular dysplasia, causes similar problems in dogs.
lesson1 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) Anatomy photo:22:os-1006 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Osteology of the Skull: Mandible of Intact Skull" "Anatomy diagram: 34256.000-2". Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator. Elsevier. Archived from the original on 2013-06-11.
The condyloid process, the superior (upper) and posterior projection from the ramus, makes the temporomandibular joint with the temporal bone. The coronoid process, superior and anterior projection from the ramus. This provides attachment to the temporal muscle. Teeth sit in the upper part of the body of the mandible.