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  2. Ideal gas law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas_law

    Isotherms of an ideal gas for different temperatures. The curved lines are rectangular hyperbolae of the form y = a/x. They represent the relationship between pressure (on the vertical axis) and volume (on the horizontal axis) for an ideal gas at different temperatures: lines that are farther away from the origin (that is, lines that are nearer to the top right-hand corner of the diagram ...

  3. Ideal gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas

    At low temperatures, the pressure of a real gas is often considerably less than that of an ideal gas. At some point of low temperature and high pressure, real gases undergo a phase transition, such as to a liquid or a solid. The model of an ideal gas, however, does not describe or allow phase transitions.

  4. Gas laws - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_laws

    The laws describing the behaviour of gases under fixed pressure, volume, amount of gas, and absolute temperature conditions are called gas laws.The basic gas laws were discovered by the end of the 18th century when scientists found out that relationships between pressure, volume and temperature of a sample of gas could be obtained which would hold to approximation for all gases.

  5. Boyle's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyle's_law

    For a fixed mass of an ideal gas kept at a fixed temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional. [2] Boyle's law is a gas law, stating that the pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship. If volume increases, then pressure decreases and vice versa, when the temperature is held constant.

  6. Equation of state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation_of_state

    Thus water behaves as though it is an ideal gas that is already under about 20,000 atmospheres (2 GPa) pressure, and explains why water is commonly assumed to be incompressible: when the external pressure changes from 1 atmosphere to 2 atmospheres (100 kPa to 200 kPa), the water behaves as an ideal gas would when changing from 20,001 to 20,002 ...

  7. Boyle temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyle_temperature

    This is the virial equation of state and describes a real gas. Since higher order virial coefficients are generally much smaller than the second coefficient, the gas tends to behave as an ideal gas over a wider range of pressures when the temperature reaches the Boyle temperature (or when c = 1 V m {\textstyle c={\frac {1}{V_{m}}}} or P ...

  8. Joule–Thomson effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule–Thomson_effect

    For such an ideal gas, this theoretical result implies that: The internal energy of a fixed mass of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature (not pressure or volume). This rule was originally found by Joule experimentally for real gases and is known as Joule's second law. More refined experiments found important deviations from it. [27] [28 ...

  9. Clausius–Clapeyron relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clausius–Clapeyron_relation

    If pressure is also low, the gas may be approximated by the ideal gas law, so that =, where P {\displaystyle P} is the pressure, R {\displaystyle R} is the specific gas constant , and T {\displaystyle T} is the temperature.

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