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Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a form of heart failure in which the ejection fraction – the percentage of the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat divided by the volume of blood when the left ventricle is maximally filled – is normal, defined as greater than 50%; [1] this may be measured by echocardiography or cardiac catheterization.
[2] [3] SGLT1, encoded by the SLC5A1 gene, is primarily expressed in the late proximal tubule (S3 segment) and accounts for the remaining 3% of glucose reabsorption. [2] [3] In addition to SGLT1 and SGLT2, there are 10 other members in the human protein family SLC5A. [4] SLC5A4, also known as SGLT3, is a member of the sodium-glucose ...
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) also known as solute carrier family 5 member 1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the SLC5A1 gene [4] [5] which encodes the production of the SGLT1 protein to line the absorptive cells in the small intestine and the epithelial cells of the kidney tubules of the nephron for the purpose of glucose uptake into cells. [6]
The recommendations for cholesterol management through lifestyle changes from the National Cholesterol Education Program have evolved over time based on data from epidemiological observations, animal studies, and clinical trials. Animal models have demonstrated a direct relationship between LDL cholesterol and atherosclerosis. Animals consuming ...
6524 246787 Ensembl ENSG00000140675 ENSMUSG00000030781 UniProt P31639 Q923I7 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003041 NM_133254 RefSeq (protein) NP_003032 NP_573517 Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 31.48 – 31.49 Mb Chr 7: 127.86 – 127.87 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse The sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC5A2 (solute carrier family 5 ...
Which conditions are risk factors for MACE depends on some characteristics of the investigated cohort. Established risk indicators in the general population include age, pre-existing cardiovascular disease, smoking, diabetes mellitus, elevated concentrations of triglycerides and non-HDL cholesterol concentration, reduced HDL concentration and hypertension, as, e. g., demonstrated by the ...
Plates vi & vii of the Edwin Smith Papyrus (around the 17th century BC), among the earliest medical guidelines. A medical guideline (also called a clinical guideline, standard treatment guideline, or clinical practice guideline) is a document with the aim of guiding decisions and criteria regarding diagnosis, management, and treatment in specific areas of healthcare.
the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure (incidence 21.8% vs 26.5%) cardiovascular death (incidence 13.3% vs 16.5%) first hospitalization for worsening heart failure (incidence 12.8% vs 15.6%), and; all-cause mortality (incidence 17.0% vs 19.8%)