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The ryotwari system was a land revenue system in British India introduced by Thomas Munro, which allowed the government to deal directly with the cultivator ('ryot') for revenue collection and gave the peasant freedom to cede or acquire new land for cultivation.
The ryotwari system was known as "severality villages" and based on the system of peasant proprietorship. [10] The ryotwari (or ryotwary) tenure related to land revenue imposed on an individual or community owning an estate and occupied a position analogous to that of a landlord. The assessment was known as "zamindari". [11]
He is regarded as the father of the 'Ryotwari system'. His official minutes, published by Sir A. Arbuthnot, form a manual of experience and advice for the modern civilian. Munro was created a baronet in 1825. [9] He died of cholera on 6 July 1827 while on tour in the ceded districts, where his name is preserved by more than one memorial.
Statue of Sir Thomas Munro who introduced the "Ryotwari System" in the Madras Presidency See also: List of zamindari estates in Madras Presidency Revenue from land rental as well as an income tax based on the tenant's net profits from their land was the presidency's main source of income.
Establishment of Ryotwari System in Madras Presidency (1820) by the governor Thomas Munro, 1st Baronet; Establishment of Mahalwari System in Northern India by Holt Mackenzie (1822) Bengal Tenancy Act was passed (1822) General Committee of Public Instruction was formed (1823) John Adam (acting) (1779–1825) 9 January 1823: 1 August 1823 ...
The zamindari system was one of two principal revenue settlements undertaken by the Company in India. [25] In southern India, Thomas Munro, who would later become Governor of Madras, promoted the ryotwari system, in which the government settled land-revenue directly with the peasant farmers, or ryots. [13]
The rebels were protesting against the changes introduced by the Company authorities to the traditional agrarian system in the first half of the nineteenth century. These changes include the introduction of the ryotwari system and other attempts to maximize revenue through exploiting lower-status cultivators through implementing exploitative ...
The zamindari system was one of two principal revenue settlements undertaken by the Company in India. [55] In southern India, Thomas Munro, who would later become Governor of Madras, promoted the ryotwari system or the Munro system, in which the government settled land-revenue directly with the peasant farmers, or ryots. [43]