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Settling time depends on the system response and natural frequency. The settling time for a second order, underdamped system responding to a step response can be ...
The settling time is the time for departures from final value to sink below some specified level, say 10% of final value. The dependence of settling time upon μ is not obvious, and the approximation of a two-pole system probably is not accurate enough to make any real-world conclusions about feedback dependence of settling time.
In circuit design, the goals of minimizing overshoot and of decreasing circuit rise time can conflict. The magnitude of overshoot depends on time through a phenomenon called "damping." See illustration under step response. Overshoot often is associated with settling time, how long it takes for the output to reach steady state; see step response.
First order LTI systems are characterized by the differential equation + = where τ represents the exponential decay constant and V is a function of time t = (). The right-hand side is the forcing function f(t) describing an external driving function of time, which can be regarded as the system input, to which V(t) is the response, or system output.
Two other authors state (Hamid Rategh and Thomas H. Lee) that the switching time (i.e., settling time) is a function of the percentage change in the feedback division ratio. [2] So according to them, the delta N over N itself determines the switching time, where N is the frequency synthesizer's feedback divisor.
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Rise time Rise time refers to the time required for a signal to change from a specified low value to a specified high value. Typically, these values are 10% and 90% of the step height. Overshoot Overshoot is when a signal or function exceeds its target. It is often associated with ringing. Settling time