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In mineralogy, an inclusion is any material trapped inside a mineral during its formation. In gemology, it is an object enclosed within a gemstone or reaching its surface from the interior. [1] According to James Hutton's law of inclusions, fragments included in a host rock are older than the host rock itself. [2] [3]
^ Florida's state gem, moonstone, was adopted to highlight Florida's role in the United States' Lunar program, which landed the first astronauts on the Moon. [81] ^ Since 1983, Massachusetts has had 3 other official state rocks: State Historical Rock (Plymouth Rock), State Explorer Rock (Dighton Rock), and State Building and Monument Stone . In ...
Quartz-filled geode, shown from inside (top) and outside (bottom) A geode (/ ˈ dʒ iː. oʊ d /; from Ancient Greek γεώδης (geṓdēs) ' earthlike ') is a geological secondary formation within sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Geodes are hollow, vaguely spherical rocks, in which masses of mineral matter
The following is a list of rock types recognized by geologists.There is no agreed number of specific types of rock. Any unique combination of chemical composition, mineralogy, grain size, texture, or other distinguishing characteristics can describe a rock type.
An amethyst geode that formed when large crystals grew in open spaces inside the rock. The largest amethyst geode found as of 2007 was the Empress of Uruguay, found in Artigas, Uruguay in 2007. It stands at a height of 3.27 meters, lies open along its length, and weighs 2.5 tons. Amethyst is also found and mined in South Korea. [19]
Many gems are crystals which are classified by their crystal system such as cubic or trigonal or monoclinic. Another term used is habit, the form the gem is usually found in. [12] For example, diamonds, which have a cubic crystal system, are often found as octahedrons. [13] Gemstones are classified into different groups, species, and varieties.
A geode is a simple term for a rock with a hollow in it, often with crystal formation/growth. A thunderegg on the other hand is a specific geological structure . A thunderegg may be referred to as a geode if it has a hollow in it, but not all geodes are thundereggs because there are many different ways for a hollow to form.
The use of rock has had a huge impact on the cultural and technological development of the human race. Rock has been used by humans and other hominids for at least 2.5 million years. [22] Lithic technology marks some of the oldest and continuously used technologies. The mining of rock for its metal content has been one of the most important ...
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