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  2. Tracheid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracheid

    In radial section, two tracheids of a coniferous wood species are shown. A series of bordered pits are also appearing in each tracheid. A tracheid of oak shows pits along the walls. It has no perforation plates. Angiosperms have both tracheids and vessel elements. [1] A tracheid is a long and tapered lignified cell in the xylem of vascular ...

  3. Vessel element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vessel_element

    The presence of vessels in xylem has been considered to be one of the key innovations that led to the success of the flowering plants. It was once thought that vessel elements were an evolutionary innovation of flowering plants, but their absence from some basal angiosperms and their presence in some members of the Gnetales suggest that this hypothesis must be re-examined; vessel elements in ...

  4. List of tectonic plates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates

    These plates comprise the bulk of the continents and the Pacific Ocean. For purposes of this list, a major plate is any plate with an area greater than 20 million km 2 (7.7 million sq mi) African plate – Tectonic plate underlying Africa – 61,300,000 km 2 (23,700,000 sq mi)

  5. Xylem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylem

    For this reason, pits in tracheid walls have very small diameters, to prevent air entering and allowing bubbles to nucleate. Freeze-thaw cycles are a major cause of cavitation. Damage to a tracheid's wall almost inevitably leads to air leaking in and cavitation, hence the importance of many tracheids working in parallel. [33]

  6. Tread plate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tread_plate

    Tread plate, also known as checker plate and diamond plate, is a type of metal stock with a regular pattern or lines on one side as a decoration. These products are often mistakenly used as slip resistant products.

  7. Vascular plant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_plant

    A tracheid cell wall usually contains the polymer lignin. [citation needed] The phloem, on the other hand, consists of living cells called sieve-tube members. Between the sieve-tube members are sieve plates, which have pores to allow molecules to pass through.

  8. Plate theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_theory

    The typical thickness to width ratio of a plate structure is less than 0.1. [citation needed] A plate theory takes advantage of this disparity in length scale to reduce the full three-dimensional solid mechanics problem to a two-dimensional problem. The aim of plate theory is to calculate the deformation and stresses in a plate subjected to loads.

  9. Sieve tube element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieve_tube_element

    Sieve cells are long, conducting cells in the phloem that do not form sieve tubes. The major difference between sieve cells and sieve tube members is the lack of sieve plates in sieve cells. [1] They have a very narrow diameter and tend to be longer in length than sieve tube elements as they are generally associated with albuminous cells. [4]