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Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns are those who are smaller in size than normal for the gestational age. SGA is most commonly defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age. [1] SGA predicts susceptibility to hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and polycythemia. [2] By definition, at least 10% of all newborns will be ...
Intrauterine growth restriction can result in a baby being small for gestational age (SGA), which is most commonly defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age. [8] At the end of pregnancy, it can result in a low birth weight.
There are two ways to determine small for gestational age (SGA) infants. Many research studies agree that SGA babies are those with birth weight or crown-heel length measured at two standard deviations or more below the mean of the infant's gestational age, based on data consisting of a reference population. [26]
Neonatal hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar in newborn babies, occurs when an infant's blood glucose level is below normal. [1] Diagnostic thresholds vary internationally. In the US, hypoglycemia is when the blood glucose level is below 30 mg/dL within the first 24 hours of life and below 45 mg/dL after, but international standards differ. [2]
The fetus may grow more slowly than normal within the womb of a woman with eclampsia, which is termed intrauterine growth restriction and may result in the child appearing small for gestational age or being born with low birth weight. [27] Eclampsia may also cause problems with the placenta.
A low birth weight can be caused either by a preterm birth (low gestational age at birth) or the infant being small for gestational age (slow prenatal growth rate), or a combination of both. [10] Small for gestational age is defined as below the 10th percentile for gestational age and sex. [11]
In this syndrome, the fetus receives inadequate nutrients and oxygen from the mother, resulting in a thin (due to soft-tissue wasting), small-for-gestational-age, undernourished infant with depleted glycogen stores. The baby may have birth weight of 4 kg and length of 54 cm but these findings are variable, even the baby may have underweight.
A baby born within the normal range of weight for that gestational age is known as appropriate for gestational age (AGA). An abnormally slow growth rate results in the infant being small for gestational age , while an abnormally large growth rate results in the infant being large for gestational age .