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Overwork, also known as excessive work or work overload, is an occupational condition characterized by working excessively, frequently at the expense of the worker's physical and mental health. It includes working beyond one's capacity, leading to fatigue, stress , and potential health complications.
Workload can also refer to the total energy output of a system, particularly of a person or animal performing a strenuous task over time. One particular application of this is weight lifting/weights training, where both anecdotal evidence and scientific research have shown that it is the total "workload" that is important to muscle growth, as opposed to just the load, just the volume, or "time ...
According to work conducted in the field of instructional design and pedagogy, broadly, there are three types of cognitive load: intrinsic cognitive load is the effort associated with a specific topic; extraneous cognitive load refers to the way information or tasks are presented to a learner; and germane cognitive load refers to the work put ...
A double burden (also called double day, second shift, and double duty [1]) is the workload of people who work to earn money, but who are also responsible for significant amounts of unpaid domestic labor. [2] This phenomenon is also known as the Second Shift as in Arlie Hochschild's book of the same name.
Interpersonal conflict among people at work has been shown to be one of the most frequently noted stressors for employees. [70] [71] Conflict can be precipitated by workplace harassment. [72] Workplace conflict is also associated with other stressors, such as role conflict, role ambiguity, and heavy workload.
A railroad section gang — including common workers sometimes called gandy dancers — responsible for maintenance of a particular section of railway. One man is holding a bar, while others are using rail tongs to position a rail. Photo published in 1917
For example, so-called labor gangs, groups of men assigned to shoveling or other manual tasks, are not employed nearly as much as they used to be, especially in developed economies. Some jobs, despite being classifiable as semiskilled work, actually require quite a bit of talent and experience to be done well, for example, band saw operators or ...
Other animals, including dogs and monkeys, help disabled people. On rare occasions, wild animals are not only tamed, but trained to perform work—though often solely for novelty or entertainment, as such animals tend to lack the trustworthiness and mild temper of true domesticated working animals. Conversely, not all domesticated animals are ...