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Southern corn leaf blight (SCLB) is a fungal disease of maize caused by the plant pathogen Bipolaris maydis (also known as Cochliobolus heterostrophus in its teleomorph state). The fungus is an Ascomycete and can use conidia or ascospores to infect. [ 1 ]
It was not until the 1970s that C. heterostrophus (race T) destroyed more than 15% of the U.S. corn crop. Race T differed from race O in the sense that it produced T-toxin (host-selective toxin). The corn planted in the 1970s carried T-cms; T-cms was particularly susceptible to T-toxin.
Southern corn leaf blight, caused by the fungus Cochliobolus heterostrophus (Drechs.) Drechs, anamorph Bipolaris maydis (Nisikado & Miyake) Shoemaker, incited a severe loss of corn in the United States in 1970. [2]
Setosphaeria turcica (anamorph Exserohilum turcicum; formerly known as Helminthosporium turcicum) is the causal agent of northern corn leaf blight in maize.It is a serious fungal disease prevalent in cooler climates and tropical highlands wherever corn is grown.
Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) or Turcicum leaf blight (TLB) is a foliar disease of corn caused by Exserohilum turcicum, the anamorph of the ascomycete Setosphaeria turcica. With its characteristic cigar-shaped lesions, this disease can cause significant yield loss in susceptible corn hybrids.
Corn anthracnose caused by C. graminicola is a disease present worldwide. This disease can affect all parts of the plant and can develop at any time during the growing season. This disease is typically seen in leaf blight or stalk rot form. Before the 1970s, Anthracnose was not an issue in North America.
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In the 1980s, male sterile varieties that were not susceptible to southern corn leaf blight were reintroduced; however, the reliance on a single sterile variety seen in the 1960s has not been repeated. [10] Today, corn hybridization is accomplished by a combination of machine and manual detasseling as well as male-sterile genes.