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Infectious mononucleosis (IM, mono), also known as glandular fever, is an infection usually caused by the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). [2] [3] Most people are infected by the virus as children, when the disease produces few or no symptoms. [2] In young adults, the disease often results in fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, and ...
Hepatosplenomegaly (commonly abbreviated HSM) is the simultaneous enlargement of both the liver (hepatomegaly) and the spleen (splenomegaly).Hepatosplenomegaly can occur as the result of acute viral hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, and histoplasmosis or it can be the sign of a serious and life-threatening lysosomal storage disease.
Infectious mononucleosis is generally self-limiting, so only symptomatic or supportive treatments are used. Under research [23] Orthomyxoviridae species Influenza (flu) Diagnostic methods that can identify influenza include viral cultures, antibody- and antigen-detecting tests, and nucleic acid-based tests.
As mentioned, cholelithiasis is the most common cause of hyperbilirubinemia. Gallstones can be removed using acid or shock waves in litholytic therapy and lithotripsy, respectively. Alternatively, cholecystectomy can remove the gallbladder directly. [34] Once obstruction from the biliary tree is removed, normal bilirubin elimination should resume.
Monocytosis often occurs during chronic inflammation.Diseases that produce such a chronic inflammatory state: [citation needed] Infections: tuberculosis, brucellosis, listeriosis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, syphilis, and other viral infections and many protozoal and rickettsial infections (e.g. kala azar, malaria, Rocky Mountain spotted fever).
The causes of jaundice in the intensive care setting is both due to jaundice as the primary reason for ICU stay or as a morbidity to an underlying disease (i.e. sepsis). [48] In the developed world, the most common causes of jaundice are blockage of the bile duct or medication-induced.
Treatment of the condition is specific to the cause of hemolysis, but intense phototherapy and exchange transfusion can be used to help the patient excrete accumulated bilirubin. [11] Complications related to hemolytic jaundice include hyperbilirubinemia and chronic bilirubin encephalopathy, which may be deadly without proper treatment. [12] [13]
Hyperbilirubinemia can cause a yellowing of the skin called jaundice depending on the level of bilirubin in the blood. [3] Additional symptoms of hyperbilirubinemia include darker urine (bilirubinuria) due to increased unconjugated bilirubin removed from the body in urine.