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A hereditary cancer syndrome (familial/family cancer syndrome, inherited cancer syndrome, cancer predisposition syndrome, cancer syndrome, etc.) is a genetic disorder in which inherited genetic mutations in one or more genes predispose the affected individuals to the development of cancer and may also cause early onset of these cancers.
Typically, many genetic changes are required before cancer develops. [11] Approximately 5–10% of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects. [12] Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests. [2] It is then typically further investigated by medical imaging and confirmed by biopsy. [13]
Some of the inherited genetic disorders that can cause colorectal cancer include familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer; however, these represent less than 5% of colon cancer cases. [13] In many cases, genetic testing can be used to identify mutated genes or chromosomes that are passed through generations.
Tissue can be organized in a continuous spectrum from normal to cancer. Often, the multiple genetic changes that result in cancer may take many years to accumulate. During this time, the biological behavior of the pre-malignant cells slowly changes from the properties of normal cells to cancer-like properties.
Cancer caused by a mutated gene inherited from an individual's parents is a hereditary cancer rather than a sporadic cancer. Because humans have a diploid genome, each cell has two copies of the gene (one from each biological parent).
Acquired and inherited cancer: Medicare may cover next generation sequencing, a type of genetic test that can diagnose or assess a person’s level of risk for various cancers.
In their landmark paper, The Hallmarks of Cancer, [3] Hanahan and Weinberg suggest that cancer can be described by a small number of underlying principles, despite the complexities of the disease. The authors describe how tumor progression proceeds via a process analogous to Darwinian evolution, where each genetic change confers a growth ...
"The unique aspect of our approach is that we can compare twin pairs where one has cancer, but they otherwise share many genetic and environmental factors," Dr. Jacob von Bornemann Hjelmborg, Ph.D ...
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