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The Taylor series of any polynomial is the polynomial itself.. The Maclaurin series of 1 / 1 − x is the geometric series + + + +. So, by substituting x for 1 − x, the Taylor series of 1 / x at a = 1 is
A Laurent series is a generalization of the Taylor series, allowing terms with negative exponents; it takes the form = and converges in an annulus. [6] In particular, a Laurent series can be used to examine the behavior of a complex function near a singularity by considering the series expansion on an annulus centered at the singularity.
Nevertheless, Maclaurin received credit for his use of the series, and the Taylor series expanded around 0 is sometimes known as the Maclaurin series. [7] Colin Maclaurin (1698–1746) Maclaurin also made significant contributions to the gravitation attraction of ellipsoids, a subject that furthermore attracted the attention of d'Alembert, A.-C ...
The most direct method is to truncate the Maclaurin series for each of the trigonometric functions. Depending on the order of the approximation , cos θ {\displaystyle \textstyle \cos \theta } is approximated as either 1 {\displaystyle 1} or as 1 − 1 2 θ 2 {\textstyle 1-{\frac {1}{2}}\theta ^{2}} .
Differentiating term-wise the binomial series within the disk of convergence | x | < 1 and using formula , one has that the sum of the series is an analytic function solving the ordinary differential equation (1 + x)u′(x) − αu(x) = 0 with initial condition u(0) = 1. The unique solution of this problem is the function u(x) = (1 + x) α.
The remainder term arises because the integral is usually not exactly equal to the sum. The formula may be derived by applying repeated integration by parts to successive intervals [r, r + 1] for r = m, m + 1, …, n − 1. The boundary terms in these integrations lead to the main terms of the formula, and the leftover integrals form the ...
For | x – c | = r, there is no general statement on the convergence of the series. However, Abel's theorem states that if the series is convergent for some value z such that | z – c | = r, then the sum of the series for x = z is the limit of the sum of the series for x = c + t (z – c) where t is a real variable less than 1 that tends to 1.
In mathematics, the Bernoulli numbers B n are a sequence of rational numbers which occur frequently in analysis.The Bernoulli numbers appear in (and can be defined by) the Taylor series expansions of the tangent and hyperbolic tangent functions, in Faulhaber's formula for the sum of m-th powers of the first n positive integers, in the Euler–Maclaurin formula, and in expressions for certain ...