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Biochemistry or biological chemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. [1] A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology , biochemistry may be divided into three fields: structural biology , enzymology , and metabolism .
Download QR code; Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version; ... The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to biochemistry:
Some argued that the beginning of biochemistry may have been the discovery of the first enzyme, diastase (today called amylase), in 1833 by Anselme Payen, [2] while others considered Eduard Buchner's first demonstration of a complex biochemical process alcoholic fermentation in cell-free extracts to be the birth of biochemistry.
Biological thermodynamics (Thermodynamics of biological systems) is a science that explains the nature and general laws of thermodynamic processes occurring in living organisms as nonequilibrium thermodynamic systems that convert the energy of the Sun and food into other types of energy.
In biochemistry and in biological fluids, at pH = 7, it is thus important to note that the reduction potential of the protons ( H +) into hydrogen gas H 2 is no longer zero as with the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) at 1 M H + (pH = 0) in classical electrochemistry, but that E red = − 0.414 V {\displaystyle E_{\text{red}}=-0.414\mathrm {V ...
Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradation of lipids in cells, involving the breakdown and storage of fats for energy and the synthesis of structural and functional lipids, such as those involved in the construction of cell membranes.
The Chou–Fasman method predicts helices and strands in a similar fashion, first searching linearly through the sequence for a "nucleation" region of high helix or strand probability and then extending the region until a subsequent four-residue window carries a probability of less than 1.
The mitochondrial shuttles are biochemical transport systems used to transport reducing agents across the inner mitochondrial membrane. NADH as well as NAD+ cannot cross the membrane, but it can reduce another molecule like FAD and [QH 2] that can cross the membrane, so that its electrons can reach the electron transport chain.