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Collagen is a structural protein found i.a. in bone, skin and connective tissues that is broken down into iminodipeptides at the end of its lifecycle. Of these dipeptides, those containing C-terminal proline or hydroxyproline would normally be broken down further by the enzyme Prolidase, recovering and thus recycling the constituent amino acids.
Hydroxyproline is a major component of the protein collagen, [3] comprising roughly 13.5% of mammalian collagen. Hydroxyproline and proline play key roles for collagen stability. [ 4 ] They permit the sharp twisting of the collagen helix. [ 5 ]
Procollagen-proline dioxygenase, commonly known as prolyl hydroxylase, is a member of the class of enzymes known as alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases.These enzymes catalyze the incorporation of oxygen into organic substrates through a mechanism that requires alpha-Ketoglutaric acid, Fe 2+, and ascorbate.
In 1954, Ramachandran & Kartha (13, 14) advanced a structure for the collagen triple helix on the basis of fiber diffraction data. It consists of a triple helix made of the repetitious amino acid sequence glycine-X-Y, where X and Y are frequently proline or hydroxyproline. [2] [3] Collagen folded into a triple helix is known as tropocollagen.
The C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), also known as carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks, is the C-terminal telopeptide of fibrillar collagens such as collagen type I and type II. It is used as a biomarker in the serum to measure the rate of bone turnover .
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More mysterious symptoms started showing up—and I finally hit my breaking point. After about three months, I got a rash all over my legs. I had horrible cramping in my stomach, was exhausted all ...
The Kasukawa criteria require a minimum of one of the common symptoms, a positive anti-RNP antibody, as well as one or more symptoms of the mixed symptoms in at least two of the three disease categories to qualify for a diagnosis of MCTD. [69] It has a sensitivity of 75% [70] and a specificity of 99.8%. [32] Common symptoms: [69] Raynaud's ...
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