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Bem's self-perception theory [48] makes a similar assumption. The theory is concerned with how people explain their behavior. It argues that people don't always know why they do what they do. When this occurs, they infer the causes of their behavior by analyzing their behavior in the context in which it occurred.
Self-authorship is grounded in two assumptions about adult learning and knowledge. The first assumption states people create knowledge by interpreting their personal experiences through what is known as constructivism. This focuses on the meaning that is made of the experience from an individual perspective.
The research emerged in part from William G. Perry's research on the cognitive intellectual development of male Harvard College students. [1] [4] Developmental theories of epistemic cognition in this model have been developed by Deanna Kuhn and others, with a focus on the sequential phases of development characterising changes in views of knowledge and knowing.
In psychology, the four stages of competence, or the "conscious competence" learning model, relates to the psychological states involved in the process of progressing from incompetence to competence in a skill. People may have several skills, some unrelated to each other, and each skill will typically be at one of the stages at a given time.
Kegan wrote: "Human being is meaning making. For the human, what evolving amounts to is the evolving of systems of meaning; the business of organisms is to organize, as Perry (1970) says." [12] The term "meaning-making" has also been used by psychologists influenced by George Kelly's personal construct theory. [13]
Professor Michael Polanyi on a hike in England. Polanyi's paradox, named in honour of the British-Hungarian philosopher Michael Polanyi, is the theory that human knowledge of how the world functions and of our own capability are, to a large extent, beyond our explicit understanding.
The self-categorization theory developed by John Turner states that the self-concept consists of at least two "levels": a personal identity and a social one. In other words, one's self-evaluation relies on self-perceptions and how others perceive them. Self-concept can alternate rapidly between one's personal and social identity. [14]
Self-complexity is a person's perceived knowledge of themself, based upon the number of distinct cognitive structures, or self-aspects, they believe to possess. These self-aspects can include context-dependent social roles, relationships, activities, superordinate traits, and goals of the individual, [1] which combine to form the larger, associative network of their self-concept. [2]