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The word mandrill is derived from the English words man and drill—the latter meaning ' baboon ' or ' ape ' and being West African in origin—and dated to 1744. [3] [4] [5] The name appears to have originally referred to chimpanzees. [6] The first scholar to record the name for the colorful monkey was Georges-Louis Buffon in 1766.
The mandrill displays the most extreme sexual dimorphism for weight among all primates, with a male-female weight ratio of 3.2 – 3.4 at eight to ten years of age. [21] Similarly, drills are one of the most sexually dimorphic primates for body weight, with a male growing up to 32 kg while a female grows to 12 kg.
Several Old World monkeys have anatomical oddities. For example, the colobus monkeys have stubs for thumbs to assist with their arboreal movement, the proboscis monkey has an extraordinary nose, while the snub-nosed monkeys have almost no nose at all. The penis of the male mandrill is crimson and the scrotum is lilac; the face is also brightly ...
The drill is a short-tailed monkey up to 70 cm (28 in) long, similar in appearance to the mandrill, but lacks the bright blue and red on the face of that species. It has high sexual dimorphism in weight, with males weighing up to 20 kg (44 lb) and females up to 12.5 kg (28 lb). [4] A close-up of face. The body is overall a dark grey-brown.
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Proboscis monkey. N. larvatus Wurmb, 1787: Borneo: Size: 61–76 cm (24–30 in) long, plus 50–75 cm (20–30 in) tail [169] Habitat: Forest [170] Diet: Fruit, seeds, leaves, and shoots, as well as caterpillars and larvae [171] EN Unknown [170]
The olive baboon is one of the largest species of monkey; only the chacma baboon and the mandrill attain similar sizes. [8] The head-and-body length can range from 50 to 114 cm (20 to 45 in), with a species average of around 85 cm (33 in). At the shoulder on all fours, females average 55 cm (22 in) against males, which average 70 cm (28 in).
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Although the word Vanara has come to mean "monkey" over the years and the Vanaras are depicted as monkeys in the popular art, their exact identity is not clear. [7] [8] According to the Ramayana, Vanaras were shapeshifters. In the Vanara form, they had beards with extended sideburns, narrowly shaved chin gap, and no moustache.