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The main polycarbonate material is produced by the reaction of bisphenol A (BPA) and phosgene COCl 2. The overall reaction can be written as follows: The first step of the synthesis involves treatment of bisphenol A with sodium hydroxide, which deprotonates the hydroxyl groups of the bisphenol A. [6] (HOC 6 H 4) 2 CMe 2 + 2 NaOH → Na 2 (OC 6 ...
In pure water at the negatively charged cathode, a reduction reaction takes place, with electrons (e −) from the cathode being given to hydrogen cations to form hydrogen gas. At the positively charged anode, an oxidation reaction occurs, generating oxygen gas and giving electrons to the anode to complete the circuit.
Magnesium has a mild reaction with cold water. The reaction is short-lived because the magnesium hydroxide layer formed on the magnesium is almost insoluble in water and prevents further reaction. Mg(s) + 2H 2 O(l) Mg(OH) 2 (s) + H 2 (g) [11] A metal reacting with cold water will produce a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
In thermolysis, water molecules split into hydrogen and oxygen. For example, at 2,200 °C (2,470 K; 3,990 °F) about three percent of all H 2 O are dissociated into various combinations of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, mostly H, H 2, O, O 2, and OH. Other reaction products like H 2 O 2 or HO 2 remain minor. At the very high temperature of 3,000 ...
One example of a decomposition reaction is the electrolysis of water to make oxygen and hydrogen gas: + Single displacement In a single displacement reaction , a single uncombined element replaces another in a compound; in other words, one element trades places with another element in a compound [ 21 ] These reactions come in the general form ...
The hydrogen ions permeate across the electrolyte to the cathode, while the electrons flow through an external circuit and produce electric power. Oxygen, usually in the form of air, is supplied to the cathode and combines with the electrons and the hydrogen ions to produce water. The reactions at the electrodes are as follows: Anode reaction:
The type I reaction dominates, which cause chain scission at the carbonyl unit to give a range of products. [1] [38] Type II Norrish reactions are less common but give rise to acetaldehyde by way of vinyl alcohol esters. [36] This has an exceedingly low odour and taste threshold and can cause an off-taste in bottled water. [39]
A polycarbonate is an oxocarbon dianion consisting of a chain of carbonate units, where successive carbonyl groups are directly linked to each other by shared additional oxygen atoms. That is, they are the conjugate bases of polycarbonic acids , the conceptual anhydrides of carbonic acid , or polymers of carbon dioxide .