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Bupivacaine, marketed under the brand name Marcaine among others, is a medication used to decrease sensation in a specific small area. [5] In nerve blocks, it is injected around a nerve that supplies the area, or into the spinal canal's epidural space. [5] It is available mixed with a small amount of epinephrine to increase the duration of its ...
Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic medication of the class Ib type. [7] This means it works by blocking sodium channels thus decreasing the rate of contractions of the heart. [10] [7] When injected near nerves, the nerves cannot conduct signals to or from the brain. [8] Lidocaine was discovered in 1946 and went on sale in 1948. [11]
Occasionally a 'pop' is felt as the needle tip passes through the muscle cone delineating the retrobulbar space. Following a negative aspiration for blood, 2–4 mLs of local anesthetic solution is injected and the needle is withdrawn. 2% Lidocaine (Xylocaine) and 0.5% to 0.75% bupivicaine (Marcaine) are two commonly used agents. Epinephrine ...
This is because lidocaine selectively blocks Na channels in their open and inactive states and has little binding capability in the resting state. Class Ib agents are indicated for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia and symptomatic premature ventricular beats, and prevention of ventricular fibrillation.
Aside from its use as a dental anesthetic, procaine is used less frequently today, since more effective (and hypoallergenic) alternatives such as lidocaine (Xylocaine) exist. Like other local anesthetics (such as mepivacaine , and prilocaine ), procaine is a vasodilator, thus is often coadministered with epinephrine for the purpose of ...
bupivacaine: Marcaine, Sensorcaine, Vivacaine 1957 (Ekenstam) 1963 (Widman and Telivuo) Amide Moderate butacaine: ester- aminobenzoic butanilicaine: Amide chloroprocaine: Nesacaine Ester - Aminobenzoic cinchocaine (INN) dibucaine (USAN), Cincain, Cinchocaine, Nupercainal, Nupercaine, Sovcaine 1925 (Meischer) 1930 (Uhlmann) Ester - Aminobenzoic ...
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Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...
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