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A unit hydrograph (UH) is the hypothetical unit response of a watershed (in terms of runoff volume and timing) to a unit input of rainfall. It can be defined as the direct runoff hydrograph (DRH) resulting from one unit (e.g., one cm or one inch) of effective rainfall occurring uniformly over that watershed at a uniform rate over a unit period ...
A hydrograph is a graph showing the rate of flow (discharge) versus time past a specific point in a river, channel, or conduit carrying flow. The rate of flow is typically expressed in units of cubic meters per second (m³/s) or cubic feet per second (cfs). Hydrographs often relate changes of precipitation to changes in discharge over time. [3]
Computing the total hydrograph Provided the value of A is known, the total hydrograph can be obtained using a successive number of time steps and computing, with the runoff equation, the runoff at the end of each time step from the runoff at the end of the previous time step. Unit hydrograph The discharge may also be expressed as: Q = − dS/dT .
Time of concentration is a concept used in hydrology to measure the response of a watershed to a rain event. It is defined as the time needed for water to flow from the most remote point in a watershed to the watershed outlet. [1]
The SWMM 5.0.001 to 5.1.022 main components are rain gages, watersheds, LID controls or BMP features such as Wet and Dry Ponds, nodes, links, pollutants, landuses, time patterns, curves, time series, controls, transects, aquifers, unit hydrographs, snowmelt and shapes (Table 3). Other related objects are the types of Nodes and the Link Shapes.
Plotted on a graph, these data from the unit hydrograph for that storm, which represents the runoff added to the pre-storm baseflow. To forecast the flows in a large drainage basin using the unit hydrograph method would be difficult because in a large basin geographic conditions may vary significantly from one part of the basin to another. This ...
An example of these efforts was developed at the Southeast Water Laboratory, [19] one of the first attempts to calibrate a surface runoff model with field data for a variety of chemical contaminants. The attention given to surface runoff contaminant models has not matched the emphasis on pure hydrology models, in spite of their role in the ...
Pardé coefficients for all months should add to 12 and are without a unit. The data is often presented is a special diagram, called a hydrograph, or, more specifically, an annual hydrograph as it shows monthly discharge variation in a year, but no rainfall pattern. The units used in a hydrograph can be either discharge, monthly percentage or ...