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The Novellae Constitutiones ("new constitutions"; Ancient Greek: Νεαραὶ διατάξεις, romanized: Nearaì diatáxeis), or Justinian's Novels, are now considered one of the four major units of Roman law initiated by Roman emperor Justinian I in the course of his long reign (AD 527–565).
The Code of Justinian (Latin: Codex Justinianus, Justinianeus [2] or Justiniani) is one part of the Corpus Juris Civilis, the codification of Roman law ordered early in the 6th century AD by Justinian I, who was Eastern Roman emperor in Constantinople. Two other units, the Digest and the Institutes, were created during his reign.
Justinian I depicted on a mosaic in the church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy. Justinian acceded to the imperial throne in Constantinople in 527. [4] Six months after his accession, in order to reduce the great number of imperial constitutions and thus also the number of court proceedings, Justinian arranged for the creation of a new collection of imperial constitutions (Codex Iustinianus). [4]
The Institutes of Justinian is arranged much like Gaius's work, being divided into three subjects in four books covering "persons," "things,", and "actions." The first book considers the legal status of persons (personae), the second and third deal with things (res), while the fourth discusses Roman civil procedure (actiones).
In Roman law, a novel (Latin: novella constitutio, "new decree"; Greek: νεαρά, romanized: neara) is a new decree or edict, [1] in other words a new law. The term was used from the fourth century AD onwards and was specifically used for laws issued after the publishing of the Codex Theodosianus in 438 and then for the Justiniac Novels, or Novellae Constitutiones.
While the first part, or codex, of Justinian's Corpus Civilis Juris contained 12 books of constitutions, or imperial laws, the second and third parts, the digest and the Institutiones, contained the ius of Classical Roman jurists and the Institutes of Gaius.
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Pentarchy (from the Greek Πενταρχία, Pentarchía, from πέντε pénte, "five", and ἄρχειν archein, "to rule") was a model of Church organization formulated in the laws of Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) of the Roman Empire.