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Many fled to the kingdom of Portugal, whose monarch was more tolerant of a Jewish presence there. Portugal was the destination of most Jews who chose to leave Spain after their expulsion in 1492. Around 100,000 Spanish Jews had decided to move to the neighboring Kingdom of Portugal, a minor Jewish population was already residing in Portugal. [9]
The Lisbon Synagogue, formally the Synagogue Shaaré Tikvah, (Portuguese: Sinagoga Portuguesa Shaaré Tikvah; Hebrew: שערי תקווה, lit. 'Gates of Hope') is a Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 59 Rua Alexandre Herculano, in the civil parish of Santo António, in the municipality of Lisbon, Portugal.
The Sahar Hassamain Synagogue ("Gate of the Heavens") is a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 16 Rua de Brum, Ponta Delgada, on São Miguel Island, in the Azores region of Portugal. The former synagogue was completed in 1836 and is the oldest synagogue in Portugal, built after the expulsion of Jews from the Iberian Peninsula .
Spanish and Portuguese Jews, also called Western Sephardim, Iberian Jews, or Peninsular Jews, are a distinctive sub-group of Sephardic Jews who are largely descended from Jews who lived as New Christians in the Iberian Peninsula during the few centuries following the forced expulsion of unconverted Jews from Spain in 1492 and from Portugal in 1497.
Moroccan Jews became active in local Azorean business, trade, and commerce. These early Moroccan Jewish migrants founded the Sahar Hassamain Synagogue ("Gates of Heaven"), the oldest synagogue in Portugal since the Inquisition. [2] Many Azorean Catholics believe they have Jewish ancestry due to assimilation, intermarriage, and conversion. [3]
By mid-century when the synagogue was built, Tomar's Jewish community numbered between 150 and 200 individuals—30% to 40% of Tomar's total population at the time—and the city center had a Jewish quarter. The community grew even larger when Spanish Jews settled in Tomar after Spain expelled them in 1492.
Jews have been associated with Madeira from the era of Crypto-Jews to World War II evacuees. Like the Jews of mainland Portugal, Madeira Jews are mainly related to Sephardi history, a Jewish ethnic division that represents communities who have originated in the Iberian Peninsula. There was once a Synagogue of Funchal, which is now disused.
Ashkenazi Jewish culture later spread in the 16th century into Eastern Europe, where their rite replaced that of existing Jewish communities whom some scholars believe to have been larger in demographics than the Ashkenazi Jews themselves, [10] and then to all parts of the world with the migrations of Jews who identified as "Ashkenazi Jews".