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A fractionating column or fractional column is equipment used in the distillation of liquid mixtures to separate the mixture into its component parts, or fractions, based on their differences in volatility. Fractionating columns are used in small-scale laboratory distillations as well as large-scale industrial distillations.
The BatchFrac is rigorous model used for simulation of batch distillation column present in the model library of the software. It also includes the reactions occurred in any stage of 'Figure 2 –process flow diagram of batch distillation column (for ethanol and water)' the separator.
A McCabe–Thiele diagram for the distillation of a binary (two-component) feed is constructed using the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data—which is how vapor is concentrated when in contact with its liquid form—for the component with the lower boiling point. Figure 1: Typical McCabe–Thiele diagram for distillation of a binary feed
Image:Fractional_distillation_lab_apparatus.png licensed with GFDL-en 2008-03-07T11:17:34Z VIGNERON 272x321 (3971 Bytes) {{GFDL-with-disclaimers}} {{Information |Description=Diagram , drawn by theresa knott. This diagram was created with the drawing tools that come with [[Microsoft Word]]. See [[Wikipedia:How to draw a diagram with Microsoft
Key fractional distillation concepts: theoretical stages, x-y diagrams, multicomponent distillation, column composition and temperature profiles Process design and optimization : minimum reflux and minimum stages, optimum reflux, short-cut methods, feed entry location
Diagram of a Batch Rectifier. The simplest and most frequently used batch distillation configuration is the batch rectifier, including the alembic and pot still.The batch rectifier consists of a pot (or reboiler), rectifying column, a condenser, some means of splitting off a portion of the condensed vapour (distillate) as reflux, and one or more receivers.
The distillation column is fed with a mixture containing the mole fraction xf of the desired compound. The overhead mixture is a gas or an aerosol which contains the mole fraction xD of the desired compound and the bottom product contains a mixture with the fraction xB of the desired compound.
The concept of theoretical plates in designing distillation processes has been discussed in many reference texts. [2] [3] Any physical device that provides good contact between the vapor and liquid phases present in industrial-scale distillation columns or laboratory-scale glassware distillation columns constitutes a "plate" or "tray". Since an ...