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Mate value is derived from Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and sexual selection, as well as the social exchange theory of relationships. [1] [2] Mate value is defined as the sum of traits that are perceived as desirable, representing genetic quality and/or fitness, an indication of a potential mate's reproductive success. [2]
Male mate value depends on his access to resources while female mate value lies in her youth and fertility. Mate values correspond to future reproductive success likelihood of an individual. [95] Mate value contains the ability of the individual to produce healthy offspring in the future, based on the individual's age and sex. [95]
In humans beings, when choosing a mate of the opposite sex, females place high preference for a mate that is physically attractive. [2] This ties in with the idea that women discriminate between men on hypothesized fitness cues. The more physically attractive a man is, the higher his fitness, and the "better" his genes will be.
Males tend to have lower pitched voices than females, likely due to male intrasexual competition, [106] but some evidence suggests that high female voice pitch may also be favored by male mate choice and function in intrasexual competition among females. [93]
Female mate choice hinges on many different coinciding male traits, and the trade-off between many of these traits must be assessed. The ultimate traits most salient to female human mate choice, however, are parental investment, resource provision and the provision of good genes to offspring.
During courtship, males actively search for females; [27] if a male finds a female, he slowly circles around the female whilst trembling his first and second leg near her. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] Male leg-trembling causes females (who were in the "net stance") to orient towards and often to clutch the male. [ 25 ]
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Female humans and other primates find faces with high levels of symmetry and masculinity more attractive, especially at high fertility. Having symmetrical features may indicate that an individual possesses high-quality genes related to health, and that they developed in a stable environment with little disease or trauma. [ 38 ]