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Resistance thermometers, also called resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), are sensors used to measure temperature. Many RTD elements consist of a length of fine wire wrapped around a heat-resistant ceramic or glass core but other constructions are also used. The RTD wire is a pure material, typically platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), or copper ...
The integrated circuit sensor may come in a variety of interfaces — analogue or digital; for digital, these could be Serial Peripheral Interface, SMBus/I 2 C or 1-Wire.. In OpenBSD, many of the I 2 C temperature sensors from the below list have been supported and are accessible through the generalised hardware sensors framework [3] since OpenBSD 3.9 (2006), [4] [5]: §6.1 which has also ...
The two top thermocouple junctions are at temperature T 1 while the two bottom thermocouple junctions are at temperature T 2. The output voltage from the thermopile, ΔV , is directly proportional to the temperature differential, ΔT or T 1 - T 2 , across the thermal resistance layer and number of thermocouple junction pairs.
The table below describes properties of several different thermocouple types. Within the tolerance columns, T represents the temperature of the hot junction, in degrees Celsius. For example, a thermocouple with a tolerance of ±0.0025×T would have a tolerance of ±2.5 °C at 1000 °C. Each cell in the Color Code columns depicts the end of a ...
Cap (Base) Filaments Nominal Power (Major/Minor where applicable) Comments Image C5W SV8.5 1 6 V, 12 V, 24 V: 5 W [5] ECE nominal luminous flux: 45 lm ± 20%; Old designation: C11, common name is "festoon" base H6W BAX9s 1 12 V: 6 W HY6W BAZ9s 1 12 V: 6 W Amber H10W/1 BAU9s 1 12 V: 10 W HY10W BAUZ9s 1 12 V: 10 W Amber H21W BAY9s 1 12 V & 24 V ...
However, each manufacturer has a slightly different type of wedge base differing in exact dimensions (or even hexagonal instead of round), so the plastic bases often need to be swapped when replacing bulbs. (The wedge bases are now usually not even supplied with the bulbs, which cost nearly as much as buying a new set, typically 10 bulbs for a ...
A special form of the Pirani gauge is the pulsed Pirani vacuum gauge where the sensor wire is not operated at a constant temperature, but is cyclically heated up to a certain temperature threshold by an increasing voltage ramp. When the threshold is reached, the heating voltage is switched off and the sensor cools down again.
Some sensors require external voltage or current source of excitation, These sensors are called active sensors. (E.g. a temperature sensor like a thermistor & RTD, a pressure sensor (piezo-resistive and capacitive), etc.). The stability and precision of the excitation signal directly relates to the sensor accuracy and stability.
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