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  2. Ionic potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_potential

    As such, this ratio is a measure of the charge density at the surface of the ion; usually the denser the charge, the stronger the bond formed by the ion with ions of opposite charge. [2] The ionic potential gives an indication of how strongly, or weakly, the ion will be electrostatically attracted by ions of opposite charge; and to what extent ...

  3. Ionic bonding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_bonding

    Thus, bonding is considered ionic where the ionic character is greater than the covalent character. The larger the difference in electronegativity between the two types of atoms involved in the bonding, the more ionic (polar) it is. Bonds with partially ionic and partially covalent character are called polar covalent bonds. For example, Na–Cl ...

  4. Fajans' rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fajans'_rules

    The "size" of the charge in an ionic bond depends on the number of electrons transferred. An aluminum atom, for example, with a +3 charge has a relatively large positive charge. That positive charge then exerts an attractive force on the electron cloud of the other ion, which has accepted the electrons from the aluminum (or other) positive ion.

  5. Chemical bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond

    Ionic bonding leads to separate positive and negative ions. Ionic charges are commonly between −3e to +3e. Ionic bonding commonly occurs in metal salts such as sodium chloride (table salt). A typical feature of ionic bonds is that the species form into ionic crystals, in which no ion is specifically paired with any single other ion in a ...

  6. Chemical bonding of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bonding_of_water

    As such, the predicted shape and bond angle of sp 3 hybridization is tetrahedral and 109.5°. This is in open agreement with the true bond angle of 104.45°. The difference between the predicted bond angle and the measured bond angle is traditionally explained by the electron repulsion of the two lone pairs occupying two sp 3 hybridized orbitals.

  7. Charge number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number

    In that case, the charge of an ion could be written as =. The charge number in chemistry normally relates to an electric charge. This is a property of specific subatomic atoms. These elements define the electromagnetic contact between the two elements. A chemical charge can be found by using the periodic table.

  8. Molecular orbital - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital

    In an ionic bond, oppositely charged ions are bonded by electrostatic attraction. [19] It is possible to describe ionic bonds with molecular orbital theory by treating them as extremely polar bonds. Their bonding orbitals are very close in energy to the atomic orbitals of the anion. They are also very similar in character to the anion's atomic ...

  9. Pauling's principle of electroneutrality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauling's_principle_of...

    The rightmost structure in the diagram has a charge of -2 on the nitrogen atom. Applying the principle of electroneutrality this can be identified as only a minor contributor. Additionally as the most electronegative atom should carry the negative charge, then the triple bonded structure on the left is predicted to be the major contributor. [7]