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  2. Negativity bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negativity_bias

    The negativity bias, [1] also known as the negativity effect, is a cognitive bias that, even when positive or neutral things of equal intensity occur, things of a more negative nature (e.g. unpleasant thoughts, emotions, or social interactions; harmful/traumatic events) have a greater effect on one's psychological state and processes than neutral or positive things.

  3. Varieties of criticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varieties_of_criticism

    People can handle some negative criticism, but they may not be able to handle a whole lot of negative criticism, at least not all at once. The downside of negative criticism is, often, that it tells people what they cannot or should not do or believe, rather than telling them what they can or should do (what possibilities or options there are).

  4. Beck's cognitive triad - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beck's_cognitive_triad

    Beck suggests that people with negative self-schemata are liable to interpret information presented to them in a negative manner, leading to the cognitive distortions outlined above. The pessimistic explanatory style , which describes the way in which depressed or neurotic people react negatively to certain events, is an example of the effect ...

  5. Criticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism

    Criticism is the construction of a judgement about the negative or positive qualities of someone or something. Criticism can range from impromptu comments to a written detailed response. [ 1 ] Criticism falls into several overlapping types including "theoretical, practical, impressionistic, affective, prescriptive, or descriptive".

  6. Cognitive distortion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_distortion

    Negative belief is maintained despite contradiction by everyday experiences. Disqualifying the positive may be the most common fallacy in the cognitive distortion range; it is often analyzed with "always being right", a type of distortion where a person is in an all-or-nothing self-judgment. People in this situation show signs of depression.

  7. Connotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connotation

    For example, a stubborn person may be described as being either strong-willed or pig-headed; although these have the same literal meaning (stubborn), strong-willed connotes admiration for the level of someone's will (a positive connotation), while pig-headed connotes frustration in dealing with someone (a negative connotation).

  8. Attitude (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_(psychology)

    The term attitude with the psychological meaning of an internal state of preparedness for action was not used until the 19th century. [3]: 2 The American Psychological Association (APA) defines attitude as "a relatively enduring and general evaluation of an object, person, group, issue, or concept on a dimension ranging from negative to positive.

  9. Attribution bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attribution_bias

    Kelley used the term 'covariation' to convey that when making attributions, people have access to information from many observations, across different situations, and at many time points; therefore, people can observe the way a behavior varies under these different conditions and draw conclusions based on that context.