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In mathematics, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number x, and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to x, denoted ⌊x⌋ or floor(x). Similarly, the ceiling function maps x to the least integer greater than or equal to x, denoted ⌈x⌉ or ceil(x). [1]
SciPy (pronounced / ˈ s aɪ p aɪ / "sigh pie" [2]) is a free and open-source Python library used for scientific computing and technical computing. [3]SciPy contains modules for optimization, linear algebra, integration, interpolation, special functions, FFT, signal and image processing, ODE solvers and other tasks common in science and engineering.
Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation. [33] Python is dynamically type-checked and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional ...
the floor, ceiling and fractional part functions are idempotent; the real part function () of a complex number, is idempotent. the subgroup generated function from the power set of a group to itself is idempotent; the convex hull function from the power set of an affine space over the reals to itself is idempotent;
In Python, functions are first-class objects that can be created and passed around dynamically. Python's limited support for anonymous functions is the lambda construct. An example is the anonymous function which squares its input, called with the argument of 5:
The distinction between the two is subtle: "higher-order" describes a mathematical concept of functions that operate on other functions, while "first-class" is a computer science term for programming language entities that have no restriction on their use (thus first-class functions can appear anywhere in the program that other first-class ...
Statement separator – demarcates the boundary between two statements; need needed for the last statement Line continuation – escapes a newline to continue a statement on the next line Some languages define a special character as a terminator while some, called line-oriented , rely on the newline .
Displays the parameter wrapped in ceiling symbols. This template is for display, not calculation. Template parameters [Edit template data] This template prefers inline formatting of parameters. Parameter Description Type Status Operand 1 The operand of the ceiling function Example π Line required Examples {{ceil|45.23}} → ⌈45.23⌉ {{ceil|''x''}} → ⌈ x ⌉ {{ceil|{{sfrac|2''a''|''b ...