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An "intact" (i.e., not castrated) adult male is called a bull. A father bull is called a sire with reference to his offspring, such as in the herd book or purebred records. A female bovine that has not yet had a calf is known as a heifer. An adult female that has had her first calf (or second calf, depending upon regional usage) is called a cow ...
Mature female cattle are called cows and mature male cattle are bulls. Young female cattle are called heifers, young male cattle are oxen or bullocks, and castrated male cattle are known as steers. Cattle are commonly raised for meat, for dairy products, and for leather. As draft animals, they pull carts and farm implements.
A freemartin or free-martin (sometimes martin heifer) is an infertile cow with masculinized behavior and non-functioning ovaries. [1] Phenotypically, the animal appears female, but various aspects of female reproductive development are altered due to acquisition of anti-Müllerian hormone from the male twin. [2]
The female offspring proved fertile, but rarely so for the males. Although the cattalo performed well, the mating problems meant the breeder had to maintain a herd of wild and difficult-to-handle bison cows. [citation needed] In 1965, Jim Burnett of Montana produced a hybrid bull that was fertile. [12]
In the English language, many animals have different names depending on whether they are male, female, young, domesticated, or in groups. The best-known source of many English words used for collective groupings of animals is The Book of Saint Albans , an essay on hunting published in 1486 and attributed to Juliana Berners . [ 1 ]
The hair is called "dossan" and it provides the cow with insulation, important in the frigid cold winters of the Scottish Highlands where they were originally bred.
Female bison ("cows") typically reproduce after three years of age [50] and can continue beyond 19 years of age. [51] Cows produce calves annually as long as their nutrition is sufficient, but not after years when weight gain is low. Reproduction is dependent on a cow's mass and age. [51]
Breeds of Cattle – Cow World (archived 19 January 2017) Cattle Breeds – Embryoplus.com (archived 29 November 2013) Breeds of Cattle – Official 2nd Edition; Cattle Breeds of the World; Portuguese Cattle Breeds (archived 17 January 2016) EuReCa – Towards self-sustainable EUropean, REgional CAttle breeds; Native cow varieties of India