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The first significant Catholic immigration started in the mid-1840s and lowered the population from about 95% Protestant to about 90% by 1850. In 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , concluding the Mexican War, extended U.S. citizenship to approximately 60,000 Mexican residents of the New Mexico Territory and 10,000 living in Mexican ...
San Miguel Mission, in Santa Fe, New Mexico, established in 1610, is the oldest church in the United States.. The Catholic Church in the United States began in the colonial era, but by the mid-1800s, most of the Spanish, French, and Mexican influences had demographically faded in importance, with Protestant Americans moving west and taking over many formerly Catholic regions.
In 1691 the New York Assembly passed the first anti-Catholic enactment, which was followed by laws strongly opposed to Catholics and their beliefs both in New York and New Jersey. Lord Cornbury, when appointed governor in 1701, was instructed by Queen Anne to permit liberty of conscience to all persons except "papists".
The American Catholic Experience: A History from Colonial Times to the Present (Doubleday, 1985) (2nd edition, Notre Dame UP, 1992) extract. Dolan, Jay P. The American Catholic Parish: A History from 1850 to the Present (2 vol. Paulist, 1987) Dolan, Jay P. "Immigrants in the City: New York's Irish and German Catholics."
"Unlike all Protestant churches in America, the Roman Catholic church depended for its identity upon keeping doctrinal and administrative unity with a European-based authority." [ 40 ] The papacy was cautious of the freedom found in the United States as it showed similarities to the attitudes behind the French Revolution.
The national university of the church, founded by the nation's bishops in 1887, is The Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. The first Catholic college/university of higher learning established in the United States is Georgetown University, founded in 1789. [98]
The main source of Catholics in the United States was the huge numbers of European immigrants of the 19th and 20th centuries, especially from Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Poland. Recently, most Catholic immigrants come from Latin America, especially from Mexico. [136]
Al Smith is the first Catholic presidential candidate in major parties. In 1928, Al Smith became the first Roman Catholic to gain a major party's nomination for president. [73] His religion became an issue during the campaign and was one of the factors in his loss. Many feared that he would answer to the pope and not the constitution.