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Gametogenesis is a biological process by which diploid or haploid precursor cells undergo cell division and differentiation to form mature haploid gametes. Depending on the biological life cycle of the organism , gametogenesis occurs by meiotic division of diploid gametocytes into various gametes, or by mitosis.
It is dioicous: male plants produce only antheridia in terminal rosettes, female plants produce only archegonia in the form of stalked capsules. [26] Seed plant gametophytes are also dioicous. However, the parent sporophyte may be monoecious, producing both male and female gametophytes or dioecious, producing gametophytes of one gender only.
Megagametogenesis is the process of maturation of the female gametophyte, or megagametophyte, in plants. [1] During the process of megagametogenesis, the megaspore, which arises from megasporogenesis, develops into the embryonic sac, in which the female gamete is housed. [2] These megaspores then develop into the haploid female gametophytes. [2]
Microgametogenesis is the process in plant reproduction where a microgametophyte develops in a pollen grain to the three-celled stage of its development. In flowering plants it occurs with a microspore mother cell inside the anther of the plant.
Plants that reproduce sexually also produce gametes. However, since plants have a life cycle involving alternation of diploid and haploid generations some differences from animal life cycles exist. Plants use meiosis to produce spores that develop into multicellular haploid gametophytes which produce gametes by mitosis.
In some plants the gametophyte is not only small-sized but also short-lived; in other plants and many algae, the gametophyte is the "dominant" stage of the life cycle. [19] Haplodiplonts are: In archaeplastidans: red algae (which have two sporophyte generations), some green algae (e.g., Ulva), land plants [8] [9] In stramenopiles: most brown ...
Gametogenesis, the development of diploid germ cells into either haploid eggs or sperm (respectively oogenesis and spermatogenesis) is different for each species but the general stages are similar. Oogenesis and spermatogenesis have many features in common, they both involve: Meiosis; Extensive morphological differentiation
The former typically occurs in plants seeds, while the latter tends to be seen in nematodes, as well as certain species of reptiles, birds, and fish. [5] [6] Autogamy is a term used to describe self pollination in plants. [7] Cloning is a technique used to creation of genetically identical cells or organisms. [8]