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The fundamental goal of COLA is to compensate service members for the high cost of living at certain duty stations. COLA rates are based on a service member's pay grade, years of service, and number of dependents. An area is considered high cost if the cost of living for that area exceeds 108% of that national average of non-housing costs.
The fiscal year 2010 president's budget request for a 2.9% military pay raise was consistent with this formula. However, Congress, in fiscal years 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, and 2009 approved the pay raise as the ECI increase plus 0.5%. The 2007 pay raise was equal to the ECI. A military pay raise larger than the permanent formula is not uncommon.
Mounting costs led Congress to pursue reforms to the military retirement system during the 1980s. Under the National Defense Authorization Act of 1981, the military moved from calculating retirement benefits based on the "final pay," or base pay on the final day of active service, to the "High-3" system. [9]
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Here’s a snapshot of what’s coming in 2023. New retirement reforms ... will see a pay raise next year thanks to an 8.7% increase in the Social Security cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) for 2023.
The group’s latest COLA estimate is well below earlier estimates this year — estimates that projected a Social Security increase as high as 10.5% in 2023. However, even an increase of 8.7% ...
Employment contracts and pension benefits can be tied to a cost-of-living index, typically to the consumer price index (CPI). A COLA adjusts salaries based on changes in a cost-of-living index. Salaries are typically adjusted annually. They may also be tied to a cost-of-living index that varies by geographic location if the employee moves.
For context, the average Social Security benefit for a retired worker as of May 2024 is $1,916.63 per month. With the projected 2.57% COLA, the average would rise to $1,965.89.