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The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the Middle Ages. The objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule .
What constituted a crusade has been understood in diverse ways, particularly regarding the early Crusades, and the precise definition remains a matter of debate among contemporary historians. [3] [4] At the time of the First Crusade, iter, "journey", and peregrinatio, "pilgrimage" were used for the campaign.
The success of the First Crusade that began the Crusading movement and the century was seen as astonishing. The explanation for this was given that it was only possible through the will of God. [72] Paschal succeeded Urban as pope before news of the outcome reached Europe.
The usage of the term "crusade" can create a misleading impression of coherence, particularly regarding the early Crusades, and the definition is a matter of historiographical debate among contemporary historians. [4] At the time of the First Crusade, iter, "journey", and peregrinatio, "pilgrimage" were used as the descriptions of the campaign.
Early February. The First Crusade begins as the leaders are identified and form their armies. [m] [116] 12 April. The People's Crusade commences with Peter the Hermit and his army arriving at Cologne. [n] [117] 18 May. The Worms massacre begins the Rhineland massacres of Jews. [118] August 15. The Armies of the First Crusade begin to depart for ...
The siege of Nicaea was the first major battle of the First Crusade, taking place from 14 May to 19 June 1097.The city was under the control of the Seljuk Turks who opted to surrender to the Byzantines in fear of the crusaders breaking into the city.
Route of the First Crusade through Asia. The First Crusade march down the Mediterranean coast, from recently taken Antioch to Jerusalem, started on 13 January 1099.During the march the Crusaders encountered little resistance, as local rulers preferred to make peace with them and furnish them with supplies rather than fight, with a notable exception of the aborted siege of Arqa. [1]
The siege of Antioch took place during the First Crusade in 1097 and 1098, on the crusaders' way to Jerusalem through Syria.Two sieges took place in succession. The first siege, by the crusaders against the city held by the Seljuk Empire, lasted from 20 October 1097 [11] to 3 June 1098.