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A second of arc, arcsecond (abbreviated as arcsec), or arc second, denoted by the symbol ″, [2] is a unit of angular measurement equal to 1 / 60 of a minute of arc, 1 / 3600 of a degree, [1] 1 / 1 296 000 of a turn, and π / 648 000 (about 1 / 206 264.8 ) of a radian.
Thus, the speed of the diurnal motion of a celestial object equals this cosine times 15° per hour, 15 arcminutes per minute, or 15 arcseconds per second. Per a certain period of time, a given angular distance travelled by an object along or near the celestial equator may be compared to the angular diameter of one of the following objects: up ...
(1) τ E = 1/ν E = A/(C − A) sidereal days ≈ 307 sidereal days ≈ 0.84 sidereal years ν E = 1.19 is the normalized Euler frequency (in units of reciprocal years), C = 8.04 × 10 37 kg m 2 is the polar moment of inertia of the Earth, A is its mean equatorial moment of inertia, and C − A = 2.61 × 10 35 kg m 2 .
The constant term of this speed (5,028.796195 arcseconds per century in above equation) corresponds to one full precession circle in 25,771.57534 years (one full circle of 360 degrees divided by 50.28796195 arcseconds per year) [38] although some other sources put the value at 25771.4 years, leaving a small uncertainty.
The rotation rate of the Earth (Ω = 7.2921 × 10 −5 rad/s) can be calculated as 2π / T radians per second, where T is the rotation period of the Earth which is one sidereal day (23 h 56 min 4.1 s). [2] In the midlatitudes, the typical value for is about 10 −4 rad/s.
From these and the speed of light (which is ~ 3 × 10 8 m/s), it can be calculated that the apsidal precession during one period of revolution is ε = 5.028 × 10 −7 radians (2.88 × 10 −5 degrees or 0.104″). In one hundred years, Mercury makes approximately 415 revolutions around the Sun, and thus in that time, the apsidal perihelion due ...
A minute of arc, arcminute (arcmin), arc minute, or minute arc, denoted by the symbol ′, is a unit of angular measurement equal to 1 / 60 of one degree. [1] Since one degree is 1 / 360 of a turn, or complete rotation, one arcminute is 1 / 21 600 of a turn.
The inverse second or reciprocal second (s −1), also called per second, is a unit defined as the multiplicative inverse of the second (a unit of time). It is applicable for physical quantities of dimension reciprocal time, such as frequency and strain rate. It is dimensionally equivalent to: