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Red ochre, Fe 2 O 3 ·nH 2 O, takes its reddish colour from the mineral hematite, which is an iron oxide, reddish brown when hydrated. [7] Purple ochre is a rare variant identical to red ochre chemically but of a different hue caused by different light diffraction properties associated with a greater average particle size.
Red ochre takes its reddish colour from the mineral hematite, which is an anhydrous iron oxide, and the main ingredient of rust. It was one of the earliest pigments used by man. Hand prints made by using red ochre have been found in the Pech Merle cave in Southern France. They date to between 16,000 and 25,000 BC.
In 2022 a team of South African and French scientists published a study of otjize's physical properties, concluding that "such a red ochre exhibits an exceptional UV filtration and a significant IR reflectivity substantiating its effectiveness as an effective UV-blocking and solar heat IR reflector in support of the low skin cancer rate within the Namibian Himba community".
The pigment is also known as red earth, red ochre, and terra rossa. On the Color Index International, the pigment is known as PR-102. This version is from the Italian Ferrario 1919 color list. The first recorded use of burnt sienna as a color name in English was in 1853. [19]
Red ochre has a long history of use in North America; as early as the Folsom tradition during the Paleo-Indian period, certain localities in New Mexico and Wyoming were being mined for the substance. [1] The people today known as Red Ocher were first identified by the University of Chicago in 1937.
This red is a tone of Indian red, made like Indian red with pigment made from iron oxide. The first recorded use of English red as a color name in English was in the 1700s (exact year uncertain). [10] In the Encyclopédie of Denis Diderot in 1765, alternate names for Indian red included "what one also calls, however improperly, English Red." [11]
[1] [2] Other earth pigments include the green earth pigments or terres vertes, blue earth pigments such as vivianite-based "blue ochre", white earth pigments such as chalk, and black earth pigments such as charcoal. [3] [4] Earth pigments are known for their fast drying time in oil painting, relative inexpensiveness, and lightfastness. Cave ...
Egyptian women used red ochre as a cosmetic to redden cheeks and lips [56] and also used henna to color their hair and paint their nails. [57] The ancient Romans wore togas with red stripes on holidays, and the bride at a wedding wore a red shawl, called a flammeum. [4]: 46 Red was used to color