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It is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against the human insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor with potential antineoplastic activity. Cixutumumab selectively binds to membrane-bound IGF-1R, thereby preventing the binding of the ligand IGF-1 and subsequent activation of PI3K / AKT signaling pathway.
Eftilagimod alpha (INN; [1] development code IMP321 or efti) is a large-molecule cancer drug being developed by the clinical-stage biotechnology company Immutep.Efti is a soluble version of the immune checkpoint molecule LAG-3.
This list of over 500 monoclonal antibodies includes approved and investigational drugs as well as drugs that have been withdrawn from market; consequently, the column Use does not necessarily indicate clinical usage. See the list of FDA-approved therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in the monoclonal antibody therapy page.
The first checkpoint antibody approved by the FDA was ipilimumab, approved in 2011 for treatment of melanoma. [2] It blocks the immune checkpoint molecule CTLA-4. Clinical trials have also shown some benefits of anti-CTLA-4 therapy on lung cancer or pancreatic cancer, specifically in combination with other drugs. [12] [13]
Avelumab is FDA approved for the treatment of metastatic merkel-cell carcinoma. It failed phase III clinical trials for gastric cancer. [32] Durvalumab (Imfinzi) is a fully human IgG1 antibody developed by AstraZeneca. Durvalumab is FDA approved for the treatment of urothelial carcinoma and unresectable non-small cell lung cancer after ...
The antibody binds to specific antigens on cancer cell surfaces, directing the therapy to the tumor. Radioactive compound-linked antibodies are referred to as radiolabelled. Chemolabelled or immunotoxins antibodies are tagged with chemotherapeutic molecules or toxins, respectively. [34]
The first approved medication in this class, tocilizumab (Actemra), is an antibody directed against the IL6-receptor. [8] The second, siltuximab (Sylvant), is directed against IL-6 itself. [ 1 ] [ 9 ] Siltuximab is approved for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-negative and HHV-8 -negative patients with multicentric Castleman's disease .
Varlilumab is an IgG1 antibody that binds to CD27 and is an experimental cancer treatment. [6] This agonist antibody stimulates CD27 when it binds. [6] The drug is in early clinical trials and appears to stimulate T cells and increase production of cytokines such as interferon-gamma. [6] [11]