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This is a list of all the consonants which have a dedicated letter in the International Phonetic Alphabet, plus some of the consonants which require diacritics, ordered by place and manner of articulation.
Consonants with two simultaneous places of articulation are said to be coarticulated. The phonation of a consonant is how the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation. When the vocal cords vibrate fully, the consonant is called voiced; when they do not vibrate at all, it is voiceless. The voice onset time (VOT) indicates the timing of the ...
Afrikaans; العربية; Aragonés; অসমীয়া; Asturianu; Авар; বাংলা; 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú; Беларуская ...
The following tables present pulmonic and non-pulmonic consonants. In the IPA, a pulmonic consonant is a consonant made by obstructing the glottis (the space between the vocal cords) or oral cavity (the mouth) and either simultaneously or subsequently letting out air from the lungs. Pulmonic consonants make up the majority of consonants in the ...
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.
The glottis quite readily vibrates, but this occurs as the phonation of vowels and consonants, not as a consonant of its own. Dorso-palatal and velar vibratory motions of the tongue are occasionally produced, especially during the release of dorsal stops, [ 4 ] and ingressive velar trills occur in snoring, but not in normal speech.
Alveolo-palatal fricatives are a class of consonants in some oral languages. The consonants are sibilants, a variety of fricative. Their place of articulation is alveolo-palatal. They differ in voicing. voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative (IPA: [ɕ]) voiced alveolo-palatal fricative (IPA: [ʑ]
In free variation with /ʒ/ in a few recent loanwords. See Portuguese phonology: Romanian: ger [ˈd͡ʒɛ̝r] 'frost' See Romanian phonology: Sardinian: Campidanese: géneru [ˈd͡ʒɛneru] 'son-in-law' Scottish Gaelic: Dia [d͡ʒia] 'God' See Scottish Gaelic phonology: Serbo-Croatian: Some speakers: џем / džem [d͡ʒê̞m] 'jam'