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The rabies vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent rabies. [11] There are several rabies vaccines available that are both safe and effective. [ 11 ] Vaccinations must be administered prior to rabies virus exposure or within the latent period after exposure to prevent the disease. [ 12 ]
A vaccine-associated sarcoma (VAS) or feline injection-site sarcoma (FISS) is a type of malignant tumor found in cats (and, often, dogs and ferrets) which has been linked to certain vaccines. VAS has become a concern for veterinarians and cat owners alike and has resulted in changes in recommended vaccine protocols.
In the United States, domestic cats are the most commonly reported rabid animal. [17] In the United States, as of 2008, between 200 and 300 cases are reported annually; [18] in 2017, 276 cats with rabies were reported. [19] As of 2010, in every year since 1990, reported cases of rabies in cats outnumbered cases of rabies in dogs. [17]
They should receive the DHPP vaccine at 8, 12 and 16 weeks, one year later and then one to three years after that. Here’s the vaccination schedule recommended by the SPCA for cats.
The human vaccine development process generally takes 10 to 15 years, whereas the animal vaccine process only takes an average 5 to 7 years to produce. [23] Albeit, the ability to prioritise potential vaccine targets and the use of studies to test safety is less in the animal vaccine production compared to human vaccines.
These recommendations take into account considerations for the efficacy and duration of immunity (DOI) [1] of available vaccines; environmental risks and likelihood of exposure; the specific needs and risks associated with age and overall health status of different cats and cat populations; and socioeconomic limitations. [2] [3] [4] [5]
They have been shown to be effective for at least three years. [10] Attenuated FCV vaccine has been shown to possibly cause mild upper respiratory infection. Inactivated vaccine does not, but it causes more local inflammation and possibly predisposes the cat to vaccine-associated sarcoma. [7]
The technique of serial passage has been around since the 1800s. In particular, Louis Pasteur's work with the rabies vaccine in the late 1800s exemplifies this method. [7] Pasteur created several vaccines over the course of his lifetime. His work prior to rabies involved attenuation of pathogens, but not through serial passage.