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The Market Revolution in the 19th century United States is a historical model that describes how the United States became a modern market-based economy. During the mid 19th century, technological innovation allowed for increased output, demographic expansion and access to global factor markets for labor, goods and capital.
The demand for labor in the area increased sharply and led to an expansion of the internal slave market. At the same time, the Upper South had an excess number of slaves because of a shift to mixed-crops agriculture, which was less labor-intensive than tobacco. To add to the supply of slaves, slaveholders looked at the fertility of slave women ...
Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. Boorstin, Daniel J. (1967). The Americans: The National Experience. Browning, Andrew H. (2019). The Panic of 1819: The First Great Depression. Clark, Christopher (2007). Social Change in America: From the Revolution to the Civil War. Genovese, Eugene D. (1976).
There were, nonetheless, some slaves in most free states up to the 1840 census, and the Fugitive Slave Clause of the U.S. Constitution, as implemented by the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 and the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, provided that a slave did not become free by entering a free state and must be returned to their owner. Enforcement of these ...
The history of the domestic slave trade can very clumsily be divided into three major periods: 1776 to 1808: This period began with the Declaration of Independence and ended when the importation of slaves from Africa and the Caribbean was prohibited under federal law in 1808; the importation of slaves was prohibited by the Continental Congress during the American Revolutionary War but resumed ...
Ashworth, John. "Free Labor, Wage Labor, and Slave Power: Republicanism and the Republican Party in the 1850s," in The Market Revolution in America: Social, Political and Religious Expressions, 1800–1880, edited by S. M. Stokes and S. Conway (1996), 128–146. Blight, David W. Frederick Douglass' Civil War: Keeping Faith in Jubilee.
Slavery and the cotton economy boomed during the 1850s, and cotton prices were resurgent after a decline in the 1840s. This, in turn, drove up the price of slaves, which led to further pressure to re-open the slave trade to meet demand or bring down prices.
Although Howe claims to "not argue a thesis" in the book, reviewers conclude that What Hath God Wrought implicitly (and sometimes explicitly) works to argue against the "market revolution" thesis promoted by Charles Sellers's 1991 book The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815–1846.