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As one Sufi saint noted "they were slaves, not learned in the secretarial or Islamic sciences, they were rude, bellicose and vain and their military calling undoubtedly led to unjust killing of innocent people". [8] One can see when viewing how the institution of Turkic slaves in the Delhi sultanate created a problem.
The Mamluk dynasty (lit. ' Slave dynasty '), or the Mamluk Sultanate, is the historiographical name or umbrella term used to refer to the three dynasties of Mamluk origin who ruled the Ghurid territories in India and subsequently, the Sultanate of Delhi, from 1206 to 1290 [9] [10] [11] — the Qutbi dynasty (1206–1211), the first Ilbari or Shamsi dynasty (1211–1266) and the second Ilbari ...
The Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for more than three centuries. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] [ 19 ] The sultanate was established around c. 1206–1211 in the former Ghurid territories in India.
During the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526), Hindus were enslaved in such large quantities for export to the Central Asian slave market that Indian slaves became low price slaves, available and affordable, and increased their demand in international markets. [57]
Shams ud-Din Iltutmish [a] (1192 – 30 April 1236) was the third of the Mamluk kings who ruled the former Ghurid territories in northern India. He was the first Muslim sovereign to rule from Delhi, and is thus considered the effective founder of the Delhi Sultanate.
He was the son of a Central Asian Turkic noble. [citation needed] As a child, he was captured by the Mongols and sold as a slave to Khwaja Jamal ud-din Basri.Khwaja brought him to Delhi where he and the other slaves were bought by Sultan Shams-ud-din Iltutmish, [4] himself a captured Ilbari Turk in origin [5] [6] [7] in 1232.
Iltutmish subjugated the rebel governors and transformed the loosely-held Ghurid territories of India into the powerful Delhi Sultanate. [56] Iltutmish was succeeded by his family members, and then by his slave Ghiyas ud din Balban. [57] This line of kings is called Mamluk or Slave dynasty; however, this term is a misnomer.
[1] [2] Following the conquest of India by the Ghurids, five unrelated heterogeneous dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414), [3] the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526).