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For other uses, it is dissolved in water and then distilled. It achieves a highly scented, yellow-brown crystalline form. [6] One ton of iris root produces two kilos of essential oil, also referred to as orris root butter or butter of iris, and it is the most expensive substance used in the fragrance industry. [7]
Irones are a group of methylionone odorants used in perfumery, derived from iris oil, [1] e.g. orris root. The most commercially important of these are: (-)-cis-γ-irone, and (-)-cis-α-irone; Irones form through slow oxidation of triterpenoids in dried rhizomes of the iris species, Iris pallida.
Orris concrete is used in perfumery when the presence of myristic acid is not prohibitive, e.g.: in soap perfumes where the weak acid only acts as a fixative. The methyl and ethyl esters of myristic acid are often used for blending in violet type perfume bases. The high costs of orris oil production limit its application.
Orris oil is used to add flavor and scent to foods, gins, and perfumes [3] The species' successful cultivation is partly due to its ability to thrive in different environments, including different climates and nutrient-poor soils. Iris pallida growth and flowering differ in different temperatures. [2]
In 1973, a chemical study was carried out on Iris florentina, it found isoflavone glycosides. [30]A 1973 study isolated a xanthone (irisxanthone) from Iris florentina, which was identified as the tetraoxygenated xanthone glycoside 2-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5-methoxy-1,3,6-trihydroxyxanthone [31]
Other traditional uses include as an expectorant, astringent, and to treat bronchitis. [83] The essential oil of the plant has been used for centuries as a general tonic for colds and coughs, and to relieve congestion of the mucous membranes. Glycyrrhiza glabra: Licorice root: Purported uses include stomach ulcers, bronchitis, and sore throat. [84]
In addition, these meanings are alluded to in older pictures, songs and writings. New symbols have also arisen: one of the most known in the United Kingdom is the red poppy as a symbol of remembrance of the fallen in war.
Sacred herbs are herbs that are considered sacred in some religions.Herbs such as myrrh (Commiphora myrrha), ague root (Aletris farinosa), and frankincense (Boswellia spp) in Christianity, Nine Herbs Charm in the partially Christianized Anglo-Saxon pagan, and a form of basil called tulsi—revered as a Hindu goddess for its medicinal value—are utilized in their rites and rituals.