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Messier 74 (also known as NGC 628 and Phantom Galaxy) is a large spiral galaxy in the equatorial constellation Pisces. [ a ] It is about 32 million light-years away from Earth. [ 6 ] The galaxy contains two clearly defined spiral arms and is therefore used as an archetypal example of a grand design spiral galaxy . [ 7 ]
The face-on spiral galaxy M74 (NGC 628) is the brightest galaxy within the group. Other members include the peculiar spiral galaxy NGC 660 and several smaller irregular galaxies . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The M74 Group is one of many galaxy groups that lie within the Virgo Supercluster .
For example, Messier 1 is a supernova remnant, known as the Crab Nebula, and the great spiral Andromeda Galaxy is M31. Further inclusions followed; the first addition came from Nicolas Camille Flammarion in 1921, who added Messier 104 after finding Messier's side note in his 1781 edition exemplar of the catalogue.
[5] [6] As an elliptical galaxy, the galaxy is a spheroid rather than a flattened disc, accounting for the substantially larger mass of M87. Within a radius of 32 kiloparsecs (100,000 light-years), the mass is (2.4 ± 0.6) × 10 12 times the mass of the Sun, [ 47 ] which is double the mass of the Milky Way galaxy. [ 53 ]
Messier 75 is part of the Gaia Sausage, the hypothesized remains of a dwarf galaxy that merged with the Milky Way. [10] It is a halo object with an orbital period of 0.4 billion years to travel around the galaxy on a very pronounced ellipse, specifically eccentricity of 0.87. The apocenter (maximal distance from Earth) is about 57,000 ly ...
Messier 58 (also known as M58 and NGC 4579) is an intermediate barred spiral galaxy with a weak inner ring structure located within the constellation Virgo, approximately 68 million light-years away from Earth. [9] [10] It was discovered by Charles Messier on April 15, 1779 and is one of four barred spiral galaxies that appear in Messier's ...
Coma Pinwheel Galaxy, Virgo Cluster Pinwheel, M99, NGC 4254, PGC 39578, UGC 7345 [9] Messier 99 or M99 , also known as NGC 4254 or St. Catherine's Wheel , is a grand design spiral galaxy in the northern constellation Coma Berenices approximately 15,000,000 parsecs (49,000,000 light-years ) from the Milky Way . [ 5 ]
Messier 82 (also known as NGC 3034, Cigar Galaxy or M82) is a starburst galaxy approximately 12 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. It is the second-largest member of the M81 Group , with the D 25 isophotal diameter of 12.52 kiloparsecs (40,800 light-years ).