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Clonorchis sinensis under a light microscope: Notice the uterus; this species is monoecious. An adult C. sinensis is a flattened (dorsoventrally) and leaf-shaped fluke. The body is slightly elongated and slender, measuring 15–20 mm in length and 3–4 mm in width. [10]
Clonorchis sinensis is a trematode (fluke) which is part of the phylum Platyhelminthes. The parasitic worm is as long as 10 to 25 mm and lives in the bile ducts of the liver. It is a hermaphroditic fluke that requires two intermediate hosts. The eggs of the worms are passed in fecal matter into a body of water and are then ingested by mollusks.
From the Greek opisthen (behind) and orchis (testicle), Opisthorchis is a genus of trematode flatworms whose testes are located in the posterior end of the body. Sebastiano Rivolta is generally credited with discovering the first opisthorchid, which he named Distoma felineus, in a cat in Italy in 1884.
Opisthorchiidae is a family of digenean trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have cosmopolitan distribution. [1]The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, and Opisthorchis felineus, [1] that are causes of the disease clonorchiasis.
File:Clonorchis sinensis 2.png, released under cc-by-sa-2.5, author PLoS Medicine; File:PSM V07 D583 Fresh water snail views.jpg, released under PD license; File:Clonorchis sinensis egg 06G0049 jpg lores.jpg, released under PD license (CDC); File:Fascioloides magna cercariae.jpg, released under Cc-by-sa-3.0-migrated cc-by-2.5, author: Flukeman;
The predatory bird is the next host for the parasite in the next stage of its life cycle. [12] Specifically, the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus turns infected threespine stickleback white, and then makes them more buoyant so that they splash along at the surface of the water, becoming easy to see and easy to catch for a passing bird.
Carcinogenic parasites are parasitic organisms that depend on other organisms (called hosts) for their survival, and cause cancer in such hosts.Three species of flukes are medically-proven carcinogenic parasites, namely the urinary blood fluke (Schistosoma haematobium), the Southeast Asian liver fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) and the Chinese liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis).
Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini are both categorized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as Group 1 carcinogens. [ 6 ] In humans, the onset of cholangiocarcinoma occurs with chronic opisthorchiasis, associated with hepatobiliary damage, inflammation, periductal fibrosis and/or cellular responses to antigens ...