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In captivity, providing elephants with a social structure that resembles a wild social structure is difficult, in part because moving elephants between different facilities to mimic male dispersal or facilitate breeding is a logistically challenging task, [17] but also because the extreme aggression of adult male elephants in musth poses a ...
[9] [10] [11] Mammoths (Mammuthus) are nested within living elephants as they are more closely related to Asian elephants than to African elephants. [12] Another extinct genus of elephant, Palaeoloxodon , is also recognised, which appears to have close affinities with African elephants and to have hybridised with African forest elephants. [ 13 ]
This may be due to the fact that with proper treatment, captivity can provide refuge against diseases, competition with others of the same species and predators. Most notably, animals with shorter lifespans and faster growth rates benefit more from zoos than animals with higher longevities and slow growth rates. [2]
For example, when researchers wore clothing similar to tribal groups that threw spears at them (a coming-of-age ritual), the elephants would react warily and show negative signs of stress.
Under adequate and meticulous care, captive elephants can outlive wild elephants. However, captivity comes with a number of disadvantages for these animals which can also shorten their lifespans.
Indian elephant has a lifespan between 40 and 65 years with some animals reported to have lived for more than 75 years. [24] As per available evidence, an Indian elephant may typically live into their mid-50s, but there is no consistent data available to accurately estimate the lifespan of wild elephants.
[a] The animal is believed to evoke strength, royal legacy, and enduring memory as related by the proverbs: "There where the elephant passes in the forest, one knows" and "The animal steps on the ground, but the elephant steps down with strength." [82] Their flag depicted an elephant wearing a royal crown.
The African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), also known as the African savanna elephant, is a species of elephant native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is one of three extant elephant species and, along with the African forest elephant , one of two extant species of African elephant .