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Detail from Seurat's Parade de cirque, 1889, showing the contrasting dots of paint which define Pointillism. Pointillism (/ ˈ p w æ̃ t ɪ l ɪ z əm /, also US: / ˈ p w ɑː n-ˌ ˈ p ɔɪ n-/) [1] is a technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of color are applied in patterns to form an image.
The Ben Day process is a printing and photoengraving technique for producing areas of gray or (with four-color printing) various colors by using fine patterns of ink on the paper. It was developed in 1879 [ 1 ] by illustrator and printer Benjamin Henry Day Jr. (son of 19th-century publisher Benjamin Henry Day ). [ 2 ]
This is a list of notable paintings by Georges Seurat (2 December 1859 - 29 March 1891). He is a Neo-Impressionist painter and together with Paul Signac noted for being the inventor of pointillism . [ 1 ]
Georges Seurat, Study for "A Sunday Afternoon on La Grande Jatte", 1884, oil on canvas, 70.5 x 104.1 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Georges Seurat painted A Sunday Afternoon between May 1884 and March 1885, and from October 1885 to May 1886, focusing meticulously on the landscape of the park [2] and concentrating on issues of colour, light, and form.
The tiny juxtaposed dots of multi-colored paint allow the viewer's eye to blend colors optically, rather than having the colors physically blended on the canvas. It took Seurat two years to complete this 10-foot-wide (3.0 m) painting, much of which he spent in the park sketching in preparation for the work.
Models is a notable example of Pointillism, which refers to painting through a series of colored dots that together make up an image. [4]In an article written by Norma Broude in the Art Bulletin, she compares Pointillism to photo printing in the 1880s France.
Under Seurat's influence he abandoned the short brushstrokes of Impressionism to experiment with scientifically-juxtaposed small dots of pure color, intended to combine and blend not on the canvas, but in the viewer's eye, the defining feature of Pointillism. The Mediterranean coast is a major theme across Signac's paintings. [5]
Andrews' method of homemade colour separation evokes both the 19th-century painting technique of Pointillism "in which small, distinct dots of pure color are applied in patterns to form an image", and the Ben-Day dots of mechanical printing. But Andrews creates works that "hover at legibility."